Everything you need to know about Hashimoto: causes, symptoms and treatment options

Everything you need to know about Hashimoto: causes, symptoms and treatment options

Everything you need to know about Hashimoto: causes, symptoms and treatment options

Introduction

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland. It is named after the Japanese doctor Hakaru Hashimoto, who first described the disease in 1912. In this article, we will look at the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for Hashimoto.

Background information

The thyroid is a small gland-like structure in the neck that produces hormones that affect metabolism. In Hashimoto's, the immune system reacts incorrectly and begins to attack the thyroid. This leads to inflammation and gradual destruction of the thyroid. This process can lead to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).

Causes of Hashimoto's

The exact causes of Hashimoto's are still not fully understood. However, it is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the onset of the disease. Genetic predisposition plays a role in susceptibility to autoimmune-related diseases such as Hashimoto's. Certain environmental factors such as smoking, iodine deficiency and chronic stress can increase the risk of developing the disease.

Symptoms of Hashimoto's

The symptoms of Hashimoto's are often non-specific and can be confused with other diseases. Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, cold intolerance, hair loss, depressed mood, memory problems, and muscle and joint pain. Some patients also develop an enlarged thyroid called goitre.

Diagnosis of Hashimoto

To diagnose Hashimoto, various tests are carried out. The most important include the thyroglobulin and thyroid antibody tests. Increased levels of thyroid antibodies are detected in the blood. An ultrasound scan of the thyroid can help detect changes such as structural enlargement or changes in tissue architecture.

Treatment options for Hashimoto

Hashimoto's is a chronic disease that currently has no cure. Treatment is usually aimed at relieving symptoms and maintaining optimal thyroid function. This is usually achieved through the administration of thyroid hormone preparations. The correct dosage must be determined individually and checked regularly.

Lifestyle changes for Hashimoto

In addition to medication, certain lifestyle changes can help relieve Hashimoto's symptoms. This includes a healthy diet, regular exercise, enough sleep and stress management techniques such as yoga or meditation. Smoking should be avoided as it can further damage the thyroid.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between Hashimoto and hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto's is an autoimmune disease that can lead to an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). However, hypothyroidism can also have other causes, such as removal or dysfunction of the thyroid.

Can Hashimoto's be cured?

No, Hashimoto's is a chronic disease that currently cannot be completely cured. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and maintain optimal thyroid function.

Can Hashimoto's lead to other health problems?

Yes, untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis can lead to long-term complications. These include heart problems, infertility, increased risk of miscarriage and depression.

Is Hashimoto's hereditary?

Genetic predisposition is believed to play a role in the development of Hashimoto's. This means that the risk of developing Hashimoto's may be higher in people with a family history of it.

Conclusion

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid and can lead to hypofunction. The exact causes are not fully known, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role. Diagnosis is made through blood tests and ultrasound scans. Treatment includes taking thyroid hormone supplements and lifestyle changes. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important to avoid long-term complications.