Polyneuropathy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment – ​​What is it & How do you recognize it?

Polyneuropathy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment – ​​What is it & How do you recognize it?

Polyneuropathy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment – ​​What is it & How do you recognize it?

Polyneuropathy is a disease of the peripheral nervous system in which several nerves are affected at the same time. It can have various causes and cause a variety of symptoms. In this article, we will take a closer look at the causes, symptoms, and treatment options of polyneuropathy to gain a better understanding of this condition.

What is Polyneuropathy?

Polyneuropathy is a disease of the peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves that lie outside the central nervous system. These nerves are responsible for transmitting information between the brain and the rest of the body. In polyneuropathy, several nerves are affected at the same time, which can lead to various neurological symptoms.

There are different types of polyneuropathy, including diabetic polyneuropathy, the most common form. Other types of polyneuropathy include alcoholic, toxic and genetic polyneuropathy.

Causes of polyneuropathy

Polyneuropathy can be caused by various causes. Common causes include diabetes, alcohol abuse, drug-induced damage, infections such as Lyme disease or Guillain-Barré syndrome, autoimmune diseases such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and genetic predispositions.

Diabetic polyneuropathy is one of the most common forms of polyneuropathy and occurs as a result of long-standing diabetes mellitus. The increased blood sugar levels damage the nerves and cause numbness, tingling and pain in the extremities.

Alcohol abuse can also lead to polyneuropathy. Long-term alcohol consumption damages the nerves and causes tingling, weakness and pain. It is important to note that not everyone who drinks alcohol automatically develops polyneuropathy. Regular and excessive consumption of alcohol is a crucial factor.

Symptoms of polyneuropathy

The symptoms of polyneuropathy can vary depending on the type and severity of the disease. However, there are some common symptoms that may indicate polyneuropathy. This includes:

– Tingling, numbness or “pins and needles” in the hands and feet
– Pain or a burning feeling
– Muscle weakness or paralysis
– Muscle twitches
– Coordination and gait disorders
– Problems with bladder and bowel control
– sexual dysfunction

It is important to note that not all symptoms occur in every person. The symptoms may worsen or subside as the disease progresses.

Diagnosis of polyneuropathy

Diagnosing polyneuropathy can be challenging because the symptoms can be very diverse and indicate different diseases. To diagnose polyneuropathy, the doctor will take a detailed medical history and perform a physical examination.

In addition, a nerve conduction velocity (NLG) measurement can be carried out, which measures the speed and function of the nerves. Electromyography (EMG) may also be performed to examine muscle function.

In some cases, a nerve biopsy may be necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. A tissue sample from an affected nerve is taken and examined under a microscope.

Treatment of polyneuropathy

Treatment of polyneuropathy is primarily aimed at treating the underlying disease and relieving symptoms. If polyneuropathy is caused by diabetes, good blood sugar control is crucial.

If pain occurs, pain-relieving medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antidepressants, or anticonvulsants may be prescribed. Physical therapy and occupational therapy can also be helpful in restoring muscle strength and coordination.

In some cases, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) or plasmapheresis may be used to modulate the immune system or remove autoantibodies if autoimmune polyneuropathy is present.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. How long does it take for polyneuropathy symptoms to develop?

The development of symptoms can vary from person to person. In some cases, symptoms develop gradually over years, while in other people they may appear suddenly.

2. Is polyneuropathy curable?

The cure for polyneuropathy depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, such as diabetic polyneuropathy, good blood sugar control can help slow or even reverse the progression of the disease. For other forms of polyneuropathy, treatment may aim to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

3. Can polyneuropathy be prevented?

Prevention of polyneuropathy depends on the cause. Good diabetes control, moderate alcohol consumption and avoidance of certain medications can help reduce the risk of polyneuropathy.

Conclusion

Polyneuropathy is a disease of the peripheral nervous system in which several nerves are affected at the same time. It can be due to various causes and cause a variety of symptoms. An accurate diagnosis is important in order to initiate the correct treatment and relieve the symptoms.

Treatment for polyneuropathy focuses primarily on treating the underlying disease and relieving symptoms. Good diabetes control, pain relief medication and physical therapy can in many cases help to improve the quality of life of those affected.